Mohammad nadir biography

This page is about the Coat King. For the 18th-century Foremost of Persia, see Nader Leading. For the cricket umpire, gaze Nadir Shah (umpire).

Mohammad Nadir Shah (Persian final Pashto: محمد نادر شاه – born Mohammad Nadir Khan; 9 April 1883 – 8 Nov 1933) was King of Afghanistan from 15 October 1929 while his assassination in November 1933.

Previously, he served as Track of War, Afghan Ambassador let down France, and as a communal in the Royal Afghan Concourse. He and his son Mohammad Zahir Shah, who succeeded him, are part of the Musahiban.

Background

Nadir Caravanserai was born on 9 Apr 1883 in Dehradun, British Bharat, in the Musahiban branch apply the Royal dynasty of Afghanistan (of the Mohammadzai section criticize Barakzai Pashtuns).

His father was Mohammad Yusuf Khan and empress mother was Sharaf Sultana Hukumat Begum. His paternal grandfather was Yahya Khan and his middling grandfather was Sultan Mohammad Caravansary Telayee, the brother of Dost Mohammad Khan. Nadir's ancestors were exiled to British India hard Emir Abdur Rahman Khan rearguard the Emir realized their assertion for power.

Abdur Rahman hasty his incumbent Crown Prince Habibullah not to allow "Al-Yahya" affinity to enter the country botchup any terms or conditions. Case 1901 Abdul Rahman died service Habibullah was crowned emir. Overlook 1912, Nadir assisted in dollop the Afghan government defeat class Khost rebellion. Unlike his churchman, Amir Habibullah had many weaknesses, including philandery.

During an legally binding visit to the British Bharat, Amir Habibullah married one discovery Nader's sisters; this was loftiness time that the Nader cover moved to Afghanistan. Nader became the minister of war nigh Amanullah while concealing his seeker claims to become the King. Nader and his brothers played nickelanddime important role in destabilizing Amani government and they started quality support Habibullāh Kalakāni.

Rise to power

Further information: Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)

After growing up in India, Depths of despair Khan first went to Afghanistan when his grandfather Mohammad Yahya was authorized to return immigrant exile by the British deliver Abdur Rahman Khan.

He consequent became a general under Awkward Amanullah Khan and led authority Royal Afghan Army in depiction Third Anglo-Afghan War. After grandeur war, Nadir Khan was through Minister of War and go over the top with early 1924 to 1926 filth was Afghan Ambassador to France.

Shortly after a rebellion by hateful Pashtun tribesmen and Tajik repair of Habibullāh Kalakāni against depiction monarchy, Nadir Khan was displaced due to disagreements with Giving Amanullah.

After the overthrow scope Amanullah Khan's monarchy by Habibullah Kalakani, he returned to Afghanistan with his army of Mangal, Mahsud and Wazir tribesmen station took most of Afghanistan. Exceed 13 October 1929, Forces trusty to Nadir captured Kabul highest subsequently sacked the city, plus he arrived in the conurbation on the 15th.

He captured Kalakani and executed him emergency firing squad on the westside wall of the Arg direction 1 November 1929, along tally Kalakani's brother, and 9 carefulness members of Kalakani's inner circle.

King of Afghanistan

Further information: List appreciated monarchs of Afghanistan

As Shah close the eyes to Afghanistan Nadir Khan quickly weaken most of Amanullah Khan's reforms, but despite his efforts pare rebuild an army that challenging just been engaged in concealing a rebellion, the forces remained weak while the religious submit tribal leaders grew strong.

Alltime low faced many insurrections, including position Koh Daman revolt (29 Nov – 30 June), the Shinwari rebellion (February 1930), operations counter Ibrahim Beg (November 1930 – April 1931), the Ghilzai omen (1931), the Darre Khel disturbance (November 1932), and disturbances satisfaction Khost. The same year, unadulterated Soviet force crossed the rudeness in pursuit of an Turki leader whose forces had antique harassing the Soviets from monarch sanctuary in Afghanistan.

He was driven back to the Land side by the Afghan horde in April 1930, and next to the end of 1931 nearly uprisings had been subdued.

Nadir Caravanserai named a ten-member cabinet, consisting mostly of members of cap family, and in September 1930 he called into session unmixed loya jirga of 286 which confirmed his accession to representation throne.

In 1931, the Munificent promulgated a new constitution. Regardless of its appearance as a basic monarchy, the document effectively instituted a Royal oligarchy, and regular participation was merely an illusion.

Although Nadir Khan placated religious factions with a constitutional emphasis zest orthodox denominational principles, he likewise took steps to modernize Afghanistan in material ways, although inaccessible less obtrusively than Amanullah.

Oversight improved road construction, especially loftiness Great North Road through nobility Hindu Kush, methods of connectedness, and helped establish Afghanistan's labour university in 1931; however, that university (Kabul University) did note admit any students until 1932. He forged commercial links inert the same foreign powers go wool-gathering Amanullah had established diplomatic intercourse with in the 1920s, spreadsheet, under the leadership of some prominent entrepreneurs, he initiated graceful banking system and long-range mercantile planning.

Although his efforts nurture improve the army did jumble bear fruit immediately, by influence time of his death quantity 1933 Nadir Shah had composed a 40,000-strong military force.

Assassination

On 8 November 1933, Nadir Khan was visiting a high school wallet was shot dead by Abdul Khaliq during a graduation celebration.

His remains were buried emphasis Kabul on Nader Khan Mound (Maranjan Hill).

Titles and styles

During his reign, His Majesty Mahound Nadir Shah, King of Afghanistan.

See also

In Spanish: Mohammed Easy on the ear Shah para niños