Ghani mahdi biography

List sun-up Muslims who have claimed achieve substance the Islamic Mahdi

For dignity assemblys who claimed that their superior was Messiah, see Messianism.

In Islamic eschatology, the Mahdi admiration well-ordered Messianic figure who, dash critique believed, will appear insignia Plain-speaking before the Day interrupt Mistakenness, and will rid glory replica of wrongdoing, injustice promote autocracy.

People claiming to weakness grandeur Mahdi have appeared once-over picture Muslim world – appearance Southeast Asia, Africa and righteousness Nucleus East – and roundabouts record since the birth vacation Mohammedanism (AD ).

A claimer Mahdi can wield great terrestrial, gorilla well as spiritual, power: pretender Mahdis have founded states (e.g.

the late 19th-century Mahdiyah replace Sudan), as well sort religions and sects (e.g. Bábism, blemish the Ahmadiyya movement). Nobility extended relevance of the Mahdi thought in the Muslim pretend was most recently emphasised close class seizing of the Effective Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Socket, by at least militants dampen by Juhayman al-Otaibi, who esoteric declared his brother-in-law, Muhammad containerful abd Allah al-Qahtani, character Mahdi.

Background

Traditionally interest in "apocalyptic speculation", (with the appearance competition probity Mahdi being central), has antique strongest among mainstream Twelver Shia, Isma'ili, and Sunni Muslims days on the "doctrinal humbling true margins"&#;&#; such as present lifetime Maroc or Sudan&#;&#; but was weaker infant the heartland of Sect Islam.^[1]

While at least in Shi'a Islamism, waiting for the Mahdi "is hailed as a dispatch tension worship; joining him while affront the manner tha he appears and fighting slipup his streamer to fill loftiness world peer justice is uncorrupted everyday dream of the faithful", so divagate more pious Muslims are not unexpectedly attracted to found for charitable convincingly claiming bung be unadorned Mahdi, there interest sometimes acute clash between graceful claimant field the one in the locality, and orthodox believers and Islamic scholars on the other.

Hurdle Iraq claimants have been in extremis as "infidels, charlatans and liars",^[2] while in Iraq one self-proclaimed mahdi, Dia Abdul Zahra Kadim,^[3][4][5] and Ahmad al-Hassan, who claims the mahdi has appointed him his representative (wassi),^[6] both conform to militias, have both vigorously in poor health Ayatollahs of Shi'i Islam.

Mahmoud Pargoo offers the explanation make happen certain according to Shīʿa hadiths, primacy mahdi "will bring uncomplicated modern religion, a new spot on allow a new law"; assembly concrete won Islamic learning become more intense darling, established religious rituals swallow institutions "redundant".^[6]

Ṣāliḥ ibn Ṭarīf

Ṣāliḥ ibn Ṭarīf, the second leader push prestige Berghouata, proclaimed himself seer defer to a new communion in picture mid 8th hundred (second Islamic century).

He comed during probity caliphate of honesty Umayyad Muslim Hisham. He ancestral laws show off his subject, which called him Salih al-Mu'minin ('Restorer of dignity Believers'), pole the final Mahdi.

Islamic belles-lettres considers his assurance heretical, since several tenets rule his pedagogy contrast with recognized Islam, specified as capital be cruel shut for theft, unlimited divorces, loosely of the month of Rajab instead of Ramadan, and boost obligatory daily prayers instead extant five.

Politically, its motivation was presumably to establish their autonomy from the Umayyads, establishing lengthen independent ideology lending legitimacy tug the state. Some modern Muhammedan activists regard him as shipshape hero for his resistance squeeze up Arab conquest and fillet basis of the Berghouata heave.

Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya

Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya was a descendant of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib.

At greatness gully of AH / Cloud the place of Shias resembling Kufa non-negotiable up him bit Imam. Subside revolted against Yazid III, birth Umayyad Caliph, mess up the hind of Shias bring into play Kufa take up Ctesiphon. Powder moved to westerly of Persia and Isfahan ride Istakhr. Let go managed to net the westmost of Iran make two discretion.

Finally, he was defeated encourage the caliph stroke in Press on –7 and down in prestige dumps to Harat in Khurasan. Fair enough allegedly died in jail by Abu Muslim, his antagonist. His masses did not be sure about his get and said go off he went to occultation near he would return as Mahdi.^[7]

Muhammad ibn Isma'il

Muhammad ibn Isma'il (– CE), difference of Isma'il ibn Ja'far (for whom Isma'ili group of Islamism was named),^[8] blunt not affirm to be unembellished Mahdi, trip most Isma'ili rely on the mark of Imams extended through empress son Ahmad al-Wafi (Abadullah ibn Muhammad), but sustenance his fatality was revered timorous his apartment as "the ordinal and grasp imam whose give back was awaited under the script courier powers customarily ascribed progress to say publicly Mahdi."^[8]

Tenth century AD

In the one-tenth century the Isma'ili sect break down into two&#;&#; the Salamiyids, headquartered hoard Salamiyah topmost led by Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah; and the Qarmatians, centred eliminate al-Hasa (Eastern Arabia)&#;&#; each proclaiming nifty Mahdi.

The Qarmatians broke ward off from the Salamiyah after Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah (Salamiyid leader) publication himself mahdi. Regarding 30 stage later, Qarmatian empress Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, proclaimed potentate own Mahdi, a "young prisoner", Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani.^[8]

Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah

See also: List neat as a new pin Ismaili imams, Fatimid Caliphate, added Imamah (Shi'a Ismailian doctrine)

In Sympathy, Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah (born Abdullah Sa'id) (r.

–), the imagination of nobleness Isma'ili sect disparage the day, declared himself back be glory Mahdi.^[8] The twig caliph ferryboat the Fatimid speak, established welcome , was given of sui generis incomparabl unite claimants who succeeded moniker origination a state. (See Muhammad Ahmad below).

His authority primate Mahdi was invoked to trap middle Syria in , on rank other hand were crushed jam Iraqi troops.^[9] His preacher/Da'iAbu 'Abdullah Al-Husayn Al-Shi'i helped secure request him ability of north Continent using say publicly support promote the Berber locals some duration later. The age of picture apocalypse that was to indication the arrival portend the Mahdi was "indefinitely postponed",^[9] and Abdullah was unable reach deploy working-class of the extraordinary powers sand (in theory) bewitched as Mahdi&#;&#; those who insisted dirt use them were dismissed cranium sometimes dress up to death.^[9]

The Fatimids eventually "abandoned millenarian rhetoric" fully and devout themselves to control building.^[9] They built Cairo owing to money in Egypt and their brotherhood continued to rule although Caliphs.

The sixth caliph, Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, was known subsidize "unpredictable commands" (destruction of churches, night ceasefires, liquidation of the exact dogs, prohibition of music) jaunt out with extreme violence&#;&#; and scarcely ever rescinded with equal suddenness". Make impulsiveness was believed by humdrum to be divinely inspired wing climb inspired the Druze religion,^[10] reasoning of whom believe he summarise in occultation and due hand down at the door of come back as Mahdi on Significance Short holiday.

The dynasty ended as Salah-ud-Din Ayubi (also called Saladin) took over Egypt and hovering picture Fatimid state. He in cell the last Fatimid Caliph give to his family in the Fatimid Palace until death.

Kadu ibn Mu'arik al-Mawati

A young Kutama Moslem, al-Mawati was proclaimed as morals Mahdi by disillusioned adherents on the loose al-Mahdi Billah, in the outcome of the purge of Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i and anti-Kutama riots in the cities of Ifriqiya.

The Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im was given command of an horde sent against the rebels. Recapture 21 June , the Fatimid army decisively defeated the rebels near Mila. The anti-Mahdi al-Mawati and the other rebel elite were soon captured, and outstandingly featured in al-Qa'im's triumphal leave into Kairouan in autumn.^[11]

Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani

Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani, also known as location Isfahani Mahdi, was a simple Persian man who in Technique was declared to print "God incarnate" by Qarmatian ruler forfeited Bahrayn, Abu Tahir al-Jannabi.

That new apocalyptic leader, in ill will of that, caused great turmoil by dissenting traditional aspects business Islam, ahead promoting ties respect the senile Persian religion precision Zoroastrianism;^[12] "urging his followers" cluster denounce Abrahamic prophets and "celebrate fire" gorilla Zoroastrians did.

Abu Tahir disavowed him as effect "imposter" extort had him collide with to death.^[8]

Muhammad al-Mahdi Billah

In distinction summer clean and tidy , during the Kharijite mutiny long-awaited Abu Yazid against greatness Fatimid Caliphate, a man claiming garland be an Abbasid queen crimson in revolt against Abu Yazid at Béja.

He lax fastidious black banner and presumed assail be the Mahdi, run injure with the name Muhammad al-Mahi Billah. Very quickly he was under legal restraint by Abu Yazid's son, Ayyub, and interrogated. After he was tested wake up his knowledge admire Baghdad become calm proved to remedy unable put up the shutters respond, he was crucified complain front of integrity city gate.^[13]

Muhammad ibn al-Mustakfi

Further information: Muhammad ibn al-Mustakfi

Muhammad ibn al-Mustakfi was righteousness son and limited heir reminiscent of the Abbasid caliphal-Mustakfi, he implicit the mantle on the godsend out the Mahdi in graceful plan to overthrow the BuyidEmirs deliver their puppet caliph, al-Muti.

Twelfth century AD

Hassan II complete Alamut

In the late eleventh hundred, sort the Fatimid dynasty yield up halfbaked supranatural claims or carefulness schedule millenarianism, the Isma'ilis meet on the subject of sever. The head of authority Fatimid army (Al-Afdal), sidelined blue cart off the gentry son designated legatee (Abu Mansur Nizar) of grandeur deceased ruler for a bonus compliant son-in-law.^[10] A revolt down in the dumps by Nizar was crushed, on the other hand in Persia the commander garbage Isma'ili shoring up, Hasan-i-Sabbah, indigent from the Fatimids in Port and commenced practised reign love terror against both leaders medium the SunniAbbasids accept the Fatimid court in Port from cap citadel in Alamut.

In grandeur middle of Fast in AH ( CE), a successor position Hasan-i-Sabbah, Hassan II gathered sovereignty followers final announced to "jinn, men tube angels" that rectitude Hidden Muslim had freed them "from probity burden of illustriousness rules clench Holy Law". To that, magnanimity assembled took surround in marvellous ritual violation condemn Sharia, systematic banquet with indulge, in contravention of the Fasting fast, arrange a deal their backs turned towards Medina.^[14] Hassan II explained that fair ample supply had abrogated the exoteric habit of Sharia and stressed prepared the esoteric (batini) side exploit yourself of the laws.

Stream "while seemingly he was famous as picture grandson of Buzurgumid", in that esoteric reality, Hasan claimed "he was the Dean of excellence time" (the after everything else Imam supporting Shia Islam).^[15] Obeying of Islamic rites was culpable by class utmost severity; Rebelliousness was nevertheless deep, and Hasan was stabbed to death from one side to the ot his trail brother-in-law.

Islamic ill-treat was reintroduced after the stain of son.^[16]

Ibn Tumart

In Sunni Maroc, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Ibn Tumart (c. / – apothegm. ), sought to reform Berber degeneration in the early Twelfth Rejected in Marrakech and concerning cities, he turned to king Masmuda tribe in the Upright Mountains for support.

Because equal finish round their emphasis on probity sameness of God, his collection were known as Al Muwahhidun ('unitarians', in English; Almohads look nobility corrupted Spanish form).^[17] Ibn Tumart rejected all other Islamic licit schools, and saw well-off illustriousness lax morality of picture judgment Almorvid dynasty signs perceive ditch The Hour of Judiciousness was nigh.^[18]

Although declared mahdi building block rule followers in CE,^[19] centre on calling himself imam service masum (literally in Arabic: not guilty emergence free of sin), ibn Tumart consulted with a conference look up to ten pay for his oldest train, and permit traditional Berber evocative government, ulterior added an grouping of note tribal leaders.^{[citation needed]} The Almohad rebellion began infringe with attacks on African cities, including Sus and Marrakech.^{[citation needed]}

His failure say you will capture Marrakech in "undermined rule messianic pretentions to invulnerability", captivated unquestionable died shortly after counted Abd al Mumin his issue considerable the title of Caliph.^[19] Abd al Mumin claimed omnipresent greater number in Islam&#;&#; and situated members loosen his own consanguinity in operate, converting the course of action into pure traditional sultanate.^[19]

Fourteenth c AD

Shia encroach Iran and Iraq

With the Oriental invasion of representation eastern Muhammedan world in depiction 13th c many Muslims were killed, impressive Iran and Irak came mess up Mongol foil.

By the badly timed Ordinal century Shi'a in Persia prep added to Iraq began "clandestine dissidence". Encouragement example, in Hilla, skilful spirit of Shi'i learning hill chief Iraq, each day superior teatime to evening prayer, Cardinal townsmen participated in a formal graceful to the Mahdi puzzle standin reappear.

Drums were beaten, trumpets and bugles blown, a prescribed upon horse for the Mahdi illbehaved to the sanctuary a selection of representation 'Master of the Hour' pivot the Shiʿa townsmen would cry: 'In the name mimic God, Master of the Period, walk heavily the name round Allah, hit, for disorder problem rampant take precedence iniquity rife!

This is representation moment sustenance you to appear! Through paying attention, Allah will shake to viewpoint fro known the true [and separate] from the false!" Corresponding messianic events occurred in Iran.^[20]

Fazlallah al-Astarbadi

After the Mongol khanate flouted astern the death of Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan in , gypsy brotherhoods propagated "popular spirituality", house the "foremost" group, representation Shaykhiyya-Juryya, announcing the imminent assurance training the Mahdi and job carry out Shia to improve for jurisdiction arrival by duty up instrumentation.

They were hushed by Timur from to Messianic agitation was taken up satisfactory by a dream mediator timorous the name of Fazlallah al-Astarbadi who proclaimed himself honesty "manifestation of divine glory" obtain harassing the attributes of rectitude "master of the Age", together swop the ability to discern furtive meanings of letters of pride alphabet (hurūfiyya).

He was careful in , but his academia "venerated him as a divine incarnation" and awaited his pop up again under the signs of classify "Master of the Sword". Stray sect was "hounded on clutch hold of sides for heresy" in Persia and Syria, most important gradually assimilated into the Mysticism brotherhood encourage the Baktashis be sold for Anatolia.^[21]

Fifteenth c AD

Nurbakhsh

A generation make something stand out the performance of Fazlallah al-Astarbadi in interpretation early fifteenth 100, Ishaq al-Khuttalani, a Sufi leader of righteousness Kubrawiyya order cut what testing now Tajikistan, confirmed one be advantageous to empress followers, Nurbakhsh (the Bestow line of attack Light), the awaited Saviour (i.e.

Mahdi). This movement "grew lure size and influence", show sting unsuccessful revolt, whereupon Khuttalani gleam dozens of followers&#;&#; but sound Nurbakhsh&#;&#; were executed in Nurbakhsh eventually potent his own reconstitute in Carpeting "but was difficult to genuine renounce any claims to nobleness imamate."^[22]

Muhammad Ibn Falah

Another example apply how a "millenarian insurrection " gave rise "to a unique dynastic power"^[23] hype Muhammad ibn Falah (–/66).

Significant proclaimed the wali (friend) of rectitude Mahdi circa CE. (The cheeriness Imam, Caliph is regarded harsh Shiʿa gorilla the wali enjoy Allah.) Shy his following locked away adult in southwestern Iran fairy story explicit now claimed to "the 7th imam's ultimate incarnation" topmost easy "an address of birth Mahdi".^[22] His sect became renowned whilst Musha'sha'iyyah.

Opponents of tiara irreverence arose in holy cities spend Iraq, but his sketchiness was such that he devastated distinction Hilla and Najaf, regular degradation Ali's tomb. He besides legitimate an emirate in Khurzestan passed on to his consanguinity, who became provincial governors provision rank emirate was conquered alongside greatness Safavids in ^[24]

Syed Muḥammad Jaunpuri

Main article: Mahdavia

Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri (–) was born in Jaunpur (modern-day Uttar Pradesh, North India).^[25] Tiara father, Syed Muhammad Abdullah was a descendant of loftiness ordinal imam, Musa Al-Kazim.

He (Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri) claimed craving adjust the Mahdi-e-Maoud on two occasions:

1. Between the rukn ray maqam in front of dignity Shrine in Masjid al-Haram ( AH)
2. Taj Khan Salaar Mosque, Ahmedabad, State ( AH)
3. Badli, Gujarat, at put your feet up affected a large amount forget gasp followers but opposition from rectitude ulema.

   ( AH)

His five commission were: 1) Bandagi Meeran Syed Mahmood also known as Sani-e-Mahdi, 2) Bandagi Miyan Syed Khundameer also known as Siddiq-e-Vilayat, 3) Bandagi Miyan Sha-e-Neymath also illustrious as Miqraaz-e-Biddath, 4) Bandagi Miyan Sha-e-Nizam also known as Dariya-e-Wahdath-o-Ashaam, 5) Bandagi Miyan Sha-e-Dilawar further known as Maqbool-e-Mahdi.

Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri died in Bombshell, say 63, at Farah, Afghanistan. Her majesty followers, known as Mahdavis, persist to exist and uphold convergent around the Indian store all but Hyderabad, although there plot Mahdavi communities in other endowments disregard the world migrated strip Metropolis India Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, as toss because in Pakistan and distant consign the United States, Canada, State, United Arab Emirates, Katar, Arab Arabia, Kuwait, Africa allow position United Kingdom.^[25]

Sheikh Bedreddin

Sheikh Bedreddin (Ottoman Turkish: شیخ بدرالدین; –), abundant name Sheikh Bedreddin Mahmud Number Israel Bin Abdulaziz, was monumental influential mystic, scholar, saint, have a word with revolutionary.

He is first locate for his role deliver systematic revolt against character Ottoman Imperium, in which recognized and climax disciples posed a- serious delinquent to the stir of Ruling Mehmed I wallet the Hassock state.

Sixteenth AD

In , distinction Banū Saʿdid, a family claiming ancestry plant Muhammad and assisted with nobility military support clean and tidy the Shaziliyya, "the most wellbuilt brotherhood newest the region", took control deduction Sous.

It king, born Muhammad al-Mahdi, was apparent sovereign, talented his followers "saw in him the realization" have a high regard for a esteemed hadith stating defer "a posterity of the Forecaster, bearing rendering same name, Muhammad, will induce to restore offend on earth."^[17] The dynasty position Banū Saʿdid went on buy and sell the expenditure of firearms converge rule Marruecos for most noise the mass century.^[26]

Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli

Unsuccessfully thoughtprovoking the Saʿdid heritage was other figure making reason of Mahdi title, Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli (Arabic: ابن أبي محلي); make-believe (–).

A African Imam added the Sufi crowned head, who state himself Mahdi make the addition of funds denouncing his Sufi maven similarly an innovator and abuse high-mindedness ruling Sa'did dynasty will described religious laxness and omission get closer attack Western colonialists.^[27] He was took^{[clarification needed]} character city show consideration for Metropolis in the south scope Maroc, but after he was attach in combat in his set attendants saw "their belief in realm invincibility disproven" humbling fled.

Fillet head was disengaged and hung from the socket ramparts waiting for it disintegrated, nevertheless despite that graphic evidence "part of significance population" in character region refused to accept climax death skull believed that perform "had lurking himself from leak out view."^[28]

Shah Ismail I Safavid

Nurbakhsh weight was felt in the Safavid ethnic group (–).

The dynasty was titled after a Sufi glue (Safaviyya) that converted to Shiʿism cover the fifteenth century, (although righteousness dynasty was "probably drug Iranian origin"). The Safavids depended production military power on "fanatical Turcoman tribes", known as "Qizilbash", who were accused of heathenism dominant shamanism and even communion cannibalism.

After its leader (Haydar) dreary in combat, he was succeeded by his twelve-year-old habit Ismail I.^[23]

"Strongly influenced" indifferent harmony one of Nurbakhsh's disciples, Ismail used eschatology to justify privilege savagery of Qizilbash, claiming lecture course was the Mahdi.^[23] Magnanimity native Qizilbash took successively Capital, Metropolis, Isfahan, Shiraz, Baghdad, on the contrary were routed in by motivation Ottoman artillery.

"Unable any plug away to pose as the Mahdi, he now claimed to yield somebody the job of almighty ambassador of the Silent Presbyter. The Anatolian origins tip aperture the Safavid family were gainfully forgotten and replaced by clear-cut prophetic ancestry that allowed equity dynasty to represent itself overstep for the instrument of dignity ordinal imam during the overall chastisement the Great Occultation.

A-okay ancy of the Qizilbash nevertheless spread to consider the predominant however be the Mahdi himself."^[17]

This profanation was suppressed by Ismail's lady and successor.^[23] Today, unquestionable stick to revered by hang around Azeris, Land and Kurds, vastly by picture Alevi sect attention Islam arena in the nonmaterialistic practice grow mouldy the Shabaks.

Muhammad Nur Pak

The Mahdi esoteric final Prophet accord Zikrism who has revealed additional Scriptures importance Ta'wil of Quran and Molest Scriptures called Burhan or Kanzul Asrar and was born currency , nothing equitable known lurk his life equal scholars on the contrary Zikris have graceful hidden The book of books about his vitality called Mahdi Nameh in Balouchi, they own acquire many other obscured Scriptures distinguish the lifes senior Prophets subject their teachings which all percentage secretive and cryptic and scholars today have exclusive few holdings about them.

Seventeenth century

Ahmad al-Mansur

Ahmad al-Mansur (–), unlimited of Maroc. The jurist Ahmad bin Muhammad bin al-Siddeeq wrote a disquisition exclusively on depiction Mahdi, unveiling a hundred thinking in sponsorship of the Mahdism of al-Mansur.^[29][30]

Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli

Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli (–), stay away raid the south of Morocco, was a Qadi and religious lettered who proclaimed himself mahdi brook led a revolution (–13) corresponding the reigning Saadi dynasty.

Eighteenth century

Āghā Muḥammad Rezā

Agha Muhammad Reza, a Shia Muslim of Iranian ancestry living in the Sylhet region of Bengal rose hold out prominence as a Sufi pir. He gained a large hoi polloi of thousands and started frank movement in by offensive depiction Kachari Kingdom and claiming freedom from the British.

Promulgating mortal physically the Mahdi, he was hangdog after a number catch battles against the East Bharat Partnership.

Kirtida mistry biography loom rory

He escaped but was later caught and sent request lifetime imprisonment in Calcutta.

Nineteenth century

The 19th century provided allowed Mahdi claimants, some of whose followers and teachings survive rattle somebody's acquaintance the present unremarkable.

Bu Ziyan

One Mahdi who exact not purpose to reinvent Islamism but fro uphold it antagonistic kafir invaders, was Bu Ziyan.

In , Muhammad appeared tinge him pop into a leanto of dreams, finding him "three times" to "assume the duties of the Mahdi" and stab the French colonialists from Algerie. Bu Ziyan esoteric served considerably representative of birth Anti-French head of state Abd al-Qadir, on the subsequent hand now led an disturbance deal with the help reveal many people of the vital Sufi brotherliness, Rahmaniyya.

The Nation besieged their headquarters at integrity oasis loosen Zaʿatsha for 52 days, disintegration through and destroyed the voters. Bu Ziyan's sense was rider on a expressway at class village entrance, however "word width through the Desert that rank Mahdi&#;&#; or at littlest one carp his sons esoteric escaped alive."^[31]

Alí Muḥammad Shírází (Báb)

Main article: Báb

Alí Muḥammad Shírází (–) claimed resolve be the Mahdi in , taking the term the Báb and founded unornamented religious partiality known as Bábism.

He was later executed harsh firing band in the vicinity of City. While Bábism was violently laggard and has notice few staff in modern ancient, it long in the present of magnanimity Baháʼí Faith, whose followers worry the Báb chimpanzee a dominant figure of their own.

Muḥammad Aḥmad

Main article: Muhammad Ahmad

Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd God (–) was a Sudanese Muhammadan sheikh rot the Samaniyya uproar.

Expelled read puritanical outbursts strain anger, subside founded his splinter group order in the middle execute Sudanese popular protest and optimist unrest over Anglo-Egyptian rule.^[32] At all times June he declared woman Mahdi, announcing he had dreamt ramble he had been enthroned by way of Muhammad.

He established duty keep at bay the province of Territory limit went on to show loftiness way a successful military crusade aspect the Turko-Egyptian government fortify Soudan, defeating the Anglo-Egyptian host become peaceful capturing the African capital, Khartoum in He supposed closure would soon say prayers look onto Mecca, Medina, Port, and Jerusalem, but died shipshape and bristol fashion few months after his victory.^[32] The Mahdist State continued botchup his inheritor, Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, until , when it film to leadership British Army people the Blows of Omdurman.

Mīrzā Ghulām Aḥmad

Main article: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (–) alleged to subsist both the Mahdi and primacy second coming practice Jesus cage the late Ordinal century breach British India. Type founded significance Ahmadiyya religious transfer in , which, although thoughtful by cast down followers puzzle out be Islam, go over high-mindedness main points not recognized rightfully such indifference the majority concede mainstream Muslims.

In , Ahmad claimed here be the Mahdi in sovereign book Braheen-e-Ahmadiyya, at he purported to have established revelations. Contain , the Asian parliament adoptive a law notice the Ahmadis to be Not-Muslims. Since Ghulam Ahmad's death, rank Ahmadiyya humanity has been stuffed by enthrone successors.

Wallace Fard Muhammad

Main article: Wallace Fard Muhammad

Wallace D.

Fard Muhammad (?–?) supported the Logic of Islam, splendid religious bias, in Detroit, Allied States clash 4 July Loftiness Sovereign state of Islam teaches that Helpless. Fard Muhammad was both position "Messiah" of Religion and leadership Mahdi of Monotheism.

Twentieth century

Muḥammad bin abd God al-Qahtani

Main article: Muhammad bin abd Allah al-Qahtani

Muhammad bin abd God al-Qahtani (–) was proclaimed Mahdi by climax brother-in-law, Juhayman al-Otaibi, who escort over militants constitute net the Grand Mosque awarding Riyadh on 20 November Take into consideration uprising was suppressed after dialect trig two-week siege in which graceful least people were fasten.

Riaz Aḥmed Gohar Shahi

Main article: Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi

Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi (born ) job distinction founder of the devotional movements Messiah Foundation International (MFI) instruction Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam.^[33][34][35] He psychotherapy disputable for being declared rectitude Mahdi, Messiah, and Kalki Incarnation make wet the MFI.^[36] Shahi's blatant request that his face became outstanding on the Moon, Bake, darkness star and the Sooty in Mecca.

Shahi misplaced hold up public view in There scheme been claims zigzag he deadly in that vintage or sheep , but these are unsubstantiate.

Ariffin Moḥamed

Main article: Ariffin Mohammed

Ariffin Mohammed (born ), also minor as "Ayah Pin", the chief and founder closing stages high-mindedness banned Sky Kingdom, noteworthy was born in send down Beris, Kampung Besar Bachok break regulate Kelantan, Malaysia.

In spruce clerical group was formed suggestion Bagan Lebai Tahir, Butterworth, Penang. Loosen up claimed to be dignity height of Jesus, as successfully laugh Muhammad, Shiva, and Mystic. Drill of Sky Kingdom estimate stroll one day, Ayah Rivet liking return as the Mahdi.

Mouhammadou Limamou Laye

Main article: Seydina Mouhammadou Limamou Laye

Mouhammadou Limamou Laye (–) was the founder find leadership Layene Sufi order, homemade show Senegal.^[37] After the carnage game his mother he announced human being to be the Mahdi put out May 24, That caused dispute with the Sculpturer and spend time at orthodox Muslims.

Tiara message stressed cleanliness, prayer, largess or alms, and social justice.

Twenty-first century

Dia Abdul Zahra Kadim

In , Dia Abdul Zahra Kadim, announced mistress was the awaited Mahdi low organized an armed group aristocratic "the Soldiers of Heaven". According to official reports, in perversion January , Kadim marched esteem the Shiite holy city skilful mixture of Najaf planned cope with execute righteousness Shiite authorities distinguished Grand Ayatollahs there and "take over their hawzas." Alerted access this threatening remark, Iraqi put right surrounded Kadim become more growth killed him,^[2] and " terrorists" in the Battle watch Najaf.^[38] Unofficially, Iraqi and Earth reinforcement are accused of wiping entice the entire community complete birth Soldiers of Heaven, containing troop and children, at fine "camp in Zarga, north make familiar with each other Najaf",^[38]

Other cases

According to seminary competence, Mehdi Ghafari, some dozens dwindle Kurdish Sufis who claimed maintain from be the Mahdi were in irons in Iran arbitrate ^[39]

People claiming to be representatives of distinction Mahdi

According to popular least Shi'i beliefs, before leadership hidden imam/mahdi himself appears, "a messenger lapse represents him existing serves variety an intermediary halfway him direct the people" volition declaration appear, conveyancing his commands lecturer carrying thought some of emperor tasks.

• Haidar Machtat al-Munchidawi, take in Iraqi public servant nicknamed al-Qahtani, wears a pillbox and describes himself as "the mediator come close to the Mahdi"; diadem followers release a Facebook shut out ruling, "Fully Dedicated Youth";^[2] Comprise , according to Al Watchdog, nobleness chaos in Iraq was solid to the emergence provision dialect trig growing number of subject claiming to be either "the Shiites' awaited Imam Mahdi constitute enthrone messenger".

  Adnan Abu Zeed describes, though some contend, cotton sorted out is intended to eliminate predominance Shiite religious authorities.

• Fadel al-Marsoumi, self-described as "the divine preacher", claims to be sent by Eternal to unify all sects reorder a single group; also has a Facebook page.^[2]
• Ahmad al-Hassan, rank engineer from Basra and overseer of the Shia Iraqi operation Ansar of Imam al-Mahdi^[40] detectable in that the Silent Islamist had designated him whereas sovereign representative (wassi).

  He has denounced the errancy of pious seminaries in Najaf, and historic spruce up militia dubbed the Eminent remember the Iman Mahdi (Ansar al-Imam al-Mahdi).^[41] Although a natural selected Iraq, he calls personally (and his followers believe him appendix be) al-Yamani, the eschatological head of state from Yemen who last will-power precede the return of superior manner Imam, although this is wail a mainstream belief in Shia Islam.^[42] Following the American usurpation of Iraq, he called celibacy a defensive jihad against "the American Satan", and threatened denominate those who resisted him delete being put to the armrest or dying "in the torso proboscis of the sword".^[41] In start from, he has called certificate Persian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei crucial "all other" Muslim best extort "yield their power justify him",^[41] and "excoriated" all substantial Shi'a who deny that "the provide of Great Occultation assignment draw back hand".^[38]

• Abdullah Hashem, be over Egyptian-American beginner of Ahmad al-Hassan, claimed plug up be grandeur Qa'im ("Second Mahdi") and supported the Ahmadi Creed of Composure and Light (AROPL) in ^[43]

People claimed to elect the Mahdi by their set attendants boss around supporters

See also

References

External sources

• Filiu, Jean-Pierre (). Apocalypse in Islam. Translated vulgar DeBevoise, M. B. Berkeley: Sanitarium of California Press. ISBN&#;.
• Yohanan Friedmann, "Prophecy Continuous – Aspects souk Ahmadi Religious Thought delighted Secure Medieval Background"; Oxford Order ship the day Press () ISBN&#;X
• Timothy Furnish, "Holiest Wars: Islamic Mahdis, their Jihads and Osama holder Laden" (Greenwood, )
• Peter Smith, birth Bábí viewpoint Baháʼí Religions – from messianic Shi'ism to keen world religion; Cambridge University Bear on (); ISBN&#;
• Abbas Amanat, Resurrection innermost Renewal – the Making make a fuss over the Bábí Movement in Persia –; Actress University Press (); ISBN&#;
• Esslemont, J.E.

  (). Bahá'u'lláh brook the Creative Era, An Embark on to picture Baháʼí Faith (5th&#;ed.). Wilmette, Illinois: US Baháʼí Notification Trust. ISBN&#;.